Causes
Currently there is no definitive cause of fibromyalgia but there are several theories. It is probable that many factors contribute to the cause and development of fibromyalgia.
One main theory is that patients with fibromyalgia have a lower threshold for pain due to increased sensitivity to pain signals in the brain. Some researchers believe that repeated stimulation of the nerves causes the brain to change. The change results from an atypical increase of neurotransmitters, chemicals in the brain that signal pain. Also, neurons, the brain's pain receptors, develop somewhat of a memory to the pain and their sensitivity is increased which means they may panic to these signals of pain. This can cause certain areas of the body to be very painful to a person with fibromyalgia. The cause of the lower pain threshold is unknown.
A second theory is that sleep disturbances may be an actual cause of fibromyalgia and not just a symptom of the condition.
Another theory researchers believe is injury or trauma may cause the development of fibromyalgia. An injury in the upper spinal area can affect the central nervous system.
Hormone changes and psychological stress are also believed to be possible causes of fibromyalgia.
